From d349aa975a3731c669b3d52cd7a321251e6d9d22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Pietrzak Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2021 11:02:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Sensory substitution --- tex/2-output.tex | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/tex/2-output.tex b/tex/2-output.tex index dee6b33..22923bc 100644 --- a/tex/2-output.tex +++ b/tex/2-output.tex @@ -26,21 +26,37 @@ The focus is generally on the graphics, and sound to some extent. Therefore, haptics is mainly used either as a replacement of vision, or it complements visual and audio stimulations. \paragraph{Replace vision} -Sensory substitution refers to situations in which sensations that are typically perceived with one sense are translated to another sense. -Bach-y-Rita introduced this concept~\cite{backyrita72} and invented the Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution system (TVSS) \cite{collins73}. -In this article, the authors describe their apparatus, but also mention several other systems that already existed at the time. -One of them was designed by Linvill and Bliss. -It had an $8\times 12$ array of photosensors connected to piezo actuators\cite{linvill66}. -Users could explore documents with the sensor, and feel a tactile version of the text and graphics under their fingers. -Authors conducted user studies and measured a reading rate of 50 words per minute with an expert user, and 10 words per minute with other trained users~\cite{bliss70}. -The same principle was used to replace visual information by auditory information~\cite{auvray05}. +Visually impaired people, and especially blind people, extensively use haptic systems to compensate for their disability~\cite{sampaio01}. +Haptics is also used in situations where vision is dedicated to another task, like surgery~\cite{robineau07}; or situations in which visibility is limited such as darkness or fog~\cite{vanerp01}. +We can classify the design of haptic feedback into two main categories. +The first one consists of translating visual stimulations to haptic sensations. +This method is called \defword{sensory substitution} and was introduced by Bach-y-Rita~\cite{backyrita72}. +He invented the Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution system (TVSS) \cite{collins73}, which connects a camera to an array of tactile actuators. +Users scan their environment and perceive a tactile version of it through the device. +This concept was studied with many devices through the decades since then~\cite{bliss70,gapenne03,hanneton10,linvill66}. +We let readers interested in this domain check Lenay \etal's book on the topic~\cite{lenay03}. +The second category. -The Vibe~\cite{hanneton10} -TDU~\cite{sampaio01}. -It is also used in other contexts like surgery, in which vision is required for a primary task, and haptics is used to replace vision at a different scale and point of view~\cite{robineau07}. -\cite{lenay03} +\paragraph{Complement vision and audio} VR + other modalities + +\paragraph{Sensory restoration} restores lost haptic feedback\cite{maclean09} + +% Sensory substitution refers to situations in which sensations that are typically perceived with one sense are translated to another sense. +% Bach-y-Rita introduced this concept~\cite{backyrita72} and invented the Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution system (TVSS) \cite{collins73}. +% In this article, the authors describe their apparatus, but also mention several other systems that already existed at the time. +% One of them was designed by Linvill and Bliss. +% It had an $8\times 12$ array of photosensors connected to piezo actuators\cite{linvill66}. +% Users could explore documents with the sensor, and feel a tactile version of the text and graphics under their fingers. +% Authors conducted user studies and measured a reading rate of 50 words per minute with an expert user, and 10 words per minute with other trained users~\cite{bliss70}. +% The same principle was used to replace visual information by auditory information~\cite{auvray05}. + +% The Vibe~\cite{hanneton10} + +%It is also used in other contexts like surgery, in which vision is required for a primary task, and haptics is used to replace vision at a different scale and point of view~\cite{robineau07}. + + \paragraph{Active haptics} @@ -56,11 +72,6 @@ Similar to input and output devices, these objects are instrumented with sensors %\cite{deroy12} -\paragraph{Complement vision and audio} VR + other modalities - -\paragraph{Sensory restoration} restores lost haptic feedback\cite{maclean09} - - %Most of the time, haptic is seen as a feedback modality. -- 2.30.2