\subsection{Human behavior}
-The strongest roots of the understanding of human behavior that had the most significance on HCI research, at least related to the topic of this manuscript, is Gibson's work.
+%The strongest roots of the understanding of human behavior that had the most significance on HCI research, at least related to the topic of this manuscript, is Gibson's work.
+%Perception/action cycle~\cite{gibson79}
+%Animals such as humans explore their environment by probing them, and perceiving properties. Perception is a combination of actions, resulting sensations, and cognitions that mixes this with memory, experience, etc.
+The understanding on human bahavior, and in particular the way humans perceive the world and act on it is the foundation of HCI.
+Gibson's work on this topic was pivotal to the development of the HCI community.
+He studied for decades how we, as animals, perceive our environment~\cite{gibson79}.
+His work mainly focused on visual perception, but he also studied other senses like the sense of touch~\cite{gibson62}.
+The idea is essentially that the perception we have of environment is not just based on a bunch of input stream from our senses.
+It is the integration of these input streams with the exploratory movement that we made, with our memories and experience.
+This is because the input streams depend on the exploratory movements, and we make these exploratory movement to seek for information and match it with our previous knowledge to shape our perception.
+
+This theory involves a close relation between the animal (humans in our case) and its environment.
+Gibson makes a difference between the physical world and the environment.
+The physical world refers everything between the smallest particles to the biggest possible objects like galaxies.
+The environment refers to what is reachable for the animal, in particular in terms of size.
+This study on an animal in its environment is what Gibson calls the \defword{ecological approach of perception}.
+It makes it possible to study the relations between animals and their environment.
+In particular, specific combinations of properties of an animal and objects of its environment enable the animal to perform particular actions on the object.
+Gibson called these relations \defword{affordance}~\cite{gibson77}.
+A handle of a given size and a hand of a similar \emph{affords} grasping.
+A flat horizontal surface of the size of the bassin \emph{affords} affords sitting.
+
+These notions were not initially studied to improve the design of interactive systems.
+However, HCI researchers and interaction designers applied these principles for the study and design of interactive systems.
+In particular, Norman's work has a strong influence on the HCI community.
+His theory of action depicted on \reffig{fig:sevenstages} is an operational view on Gibson's ecological approach of perception~\cite{norman88}.
+It describes seven stages to describe how people interact with objects in their environment, based on their \defword{mental model} how this object works.
+There is a central stage representing the goal the person would like to reach, and three stages for the execution of actions and the evaluation of the changes on the world.
+Norman uses this model to explain the many usability issues that can arise when this mental model differs from the \defword{conceptual model} of how this object actually works.
+
+Norman also participated to the introduction of the concept of affordance to the HCI community.
+Contrary to objects found in the nature, human-made objects can leverage our knowledge about human characteristics.
+We can reduce tha gaps between mental model and conceptual model by creating affordances.
+Norman gives the example of doors designed in a way we know which side to pull and which side to push~\cite{norman88}.
+The pull side has a handle that affords grasping and pulling whereas the push side has a flat plate that affords pushing.
+However we cannot control all the physical properties of all the objects around us.
+Therefore there can be a difference between the actual affordances and the affordances we perceive.
+Gaver describes four possibilities~\cite{gaver91}.
+Two of them are desired: a perceived affordance and a true reject (there is no affordance, an no affordance is perceived).
+He also describes hidden affordances, and false affordances.
+Because of this, Norman makes a distinction between an affordance, as a property, and a \defword{signifier} which is a perceivable properties that advertises the existance of an affordance~\cite{norman02}.
-
-Perception/action cycle~\cite{gibson79}
-
-
-Animals such as humans explore their environment by probing them, and perceiving properties. Perception is a combination of actions, resulting sensations, and cognitions that mixes this with memory, experience, etc.
-
-
-Affordances \cite{gibson77}, then in HCI \cite{norman88} then signifiers \cite{norman02}
-perceptible/hidden/false~\cite{gaver91}.
-
-Perception/action cycle~\cite{gibson79}
-
-Sensorimotor loop~\cite{oregan01a}
-
-Theory of action~\cite{norman88}
\input{figures/sevenstages.tex}
+%Perception/action cycle~\cite{gibson79}
+%Sensorimotor loop~\cite{oregan01a}
+
sensory substitution\cite{bachyrita72,bachyrita03}
fast movements: feedback cannot be received?
% Sensory substitution refers to situations in which sensations that are typically perceived with one sense are translated to another sense.
-% Bach-y-Rita introduced this concept~\cite{backyrita72} and invented the Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution system (TVSS) \cite{collins73}.
+% Bach-y-Rita introduced this concept~\cite{bachyrita72} and invented the Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution system (TVSS) \cite{collins73}.
% In this article, the authors describe their apparatus, but also mention several other systems that already existed at the time.
% One of them was designed by Linvill and Bliss.
% It had an $8\times 12$ array of photosensors connected to piezo actuators\cite{linvill66}.
\cite{richard20,richard22}
-\section{Rant}
+\section{Ecological approach to computing}
\input{figures/sevenstages2.tex}
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